Operating Systems Lab 1

EXPERIMENT 1: 64-bit vs 32-bit Operating Systems

Q) What do you mean by 64-bit operating system and how does it differ from 32-bit operating systems in various aspects like performance and timing?

1. Memory Addressing:

   • A 32-bit OS can address a maximum of 2^32 memory locations, equating to 4 GB of RAM (although certain systems may limit this further).
   • A 64-bit OS can theoretically address 2^64 memory locations, or 18.4 million TB of RAM, offering a massive increase in memory addressability.

2. Performance:

   • With a 64-bit OS, memory-intensive applications (like large databases, virtual machines, and advanced video editing software) can run more efficiently, as there is more addressable memory available.
   • In a 32-bit OS, once the system runs out of addressable memory, performance significantly degrades, and applications may crash or fail to execute properly.

3. Data Processing:

   • A 32-bit processor can handle 32 bits of data at once, limiting the amount of data processed in a single clock cycle, thereby constraining performance, especially for complex applications.
   • A 64-bit processor can handle 64 bits of data at once, enabling faster execution of instructions and improved processing for large datasets.

4. Clock Cycles:

   • In a 32-bit OS, the processor handles smaller chunks of data, meaning operations may take more clock cycles to complete.
   • In a 64-bit OS, the processor can handle larger chunks of data in one cycle, reducing the number of clock cycles for certain operations, though the exact effect depends on the application.

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Commands to Execute in CMD:

Here are the steps and associated commands for the task list:

1. Create a directory or folder, change directory:

   • Command to create a folder:

     mkdir NewFolder

   • Command to change directory:

     cd NewFolder

2. Create a file in the above folder:

   • Command to create a file:

     echo.> file.txt

3. Type some data in the file created:

   • Command to edit the file:

     notepad file.txt

4. Read the data:

   • Command to read the file:

     type file.txt

5. Rename the file and folder:

   • Command to rename a file:

     ren file.txt newfile.txt

   • Command to rename a folder:

     ren NewFolder NewFolderRenamed

6. Create second folder and copy file from first folder to the second folder:

   • Command to create a second folder:

     mkdir SecondFolder

   • Command to copy file:

     copy newfile.txt SecondFolder\

7. Delete folder:

   • Command to delete a folder:

     rmdir NewFolderRenamed

8. Open an application:

   • Command to open Notepad:

     start notepad

9. Close an application:

   • Command to close an application (for Notepad):

     taskkill /IM notepad.exe

10. Access different drives:

• Command to switch drives:

  D:   (for drive D)

11. Create 2 files and compare them (FC: File Compare):

• Command to create two files:

  echo Hello > file1.txt
  echo Hello > file2.txt

• Command to compare them:

  fc file1.txt file2.txt

12. Network troubleshooting (IPCONFIG):

• Command to display IP configuration:

  ipconfig

13. NETSTAT command in CMD:

• Command to view network connections:

  netstat

14. PING command:

• Command to ping an address:

  ping www.google.com

15. TRACERT nmims.edu:

• Command for trace route:

  tracert nmims.edu

16. SYSTEMINFO:

• Command to display system information:

  systeminfo

17. SFC (System File Checker):

• Command to check for system file integrity:

  sfc /scannow

18. Tasklist command:

• Command to list running tasks:

  tasklist

19. Shutdown using CMD:

• Command to shutdown the system:

  shutdown /s

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